As there are several William Tennents mentioned on this site, there are now three John Witherspoons. The first, is the patriot, minister, and educator from Scotland; the second, is his son, John Witherspoon, Jr. who became a surgeon; and the third is the grandson of the first, John Witherspoon, 1791-1853, who was a minister. Readers take note. [posted 9/20/2021]

As the twentieth anniversary of 911 approaches and the 250th of American Independence in just five years, the following quote by Robert Davidson is a reminder of the principles upon which the United States was established. The occasion is stated in the lengthy title, but it is not noted that General George Washington (the title he preferred over President) was present leading the troops that were in Carlisle to quell the Whiskey Rebellion. The Rebellion was a response to a federal tax on the beverage that tested the power of the Federal Government. Farmers of grain on the western frontier of Pennsylvania believed they had been unfairly targeted for taxation by the eastern elite. Davidson believed the Rebellion was inappropriate and contended the farmers should seek change through constitutional governmental procedure. The text transcribed below begins on page 19 of A Sermon, on the Freedom and Happiness of the United States of America, Preached in Carlisle, on the 5th Oct. 1794, and Published at the Request of the Officers of the Philadelphia and Lancaster Troops of Light Horse. By Robert Davidson, D. D. Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Carlisle, and One of the Professors in Dickinson College. Philadelphia: Printed by Samuel H. Smith for Robert Campbell, 1894. Readers should consider where our nation started, where we have been, where we are, and where we are headed as Americans governed by the Constitution.

"What one nation in the earth is like the American people? History does not inform us of any people who had the same favorable opportunities, that we have had, of choosing that form of government which we might think best, and most conducive to our happiness. What was good in others, we were at liberty to adopt; what was bad, to reject. This opportunity we hope has not been neglected. And we live, and have lived and prospered for some time, under a government which, with all the imperfections that can in any justice be laid to its charge, is one of the most free and excellent under the sun. Nothing is wanting to make it all that we could wish it to be, and to give us the pleasing hope of its stability and permanency, but more wisdom, virtue, and religion, among the citizens at large. This is a government, which all the real friends of freedom in the old world appear; and under the wings of which the oppressed of every nation would wish to take refuge. Here is liberty and equality according to the just acceptation of those favorite terms; liberty, civil and religious, to the utmost extent that they can be, where there is any government at all; and an equality of rights, or provision made for the equal protection of the lives and properties of all. That all men should be equal, as to abilities, station, authority, and wealth, is absolutely, in the present state of things, impossible. But where every citizen has a voice in making the laws, or in choosing those who make them, and is equally under their protection,—there is equality. As to religious liberty especially, we may indeed say, What nation in the earth is like the American people? For every man may entertain what opinions he thinks right, and worship God in what manner he thinks best, without being excluded from any office, to which he has a prospect of rising, on account of his creed or religious sentiments. This is surely liberty, in the utmost latitude that any man could desire." [posted 9/1/2021]

[Previous entries in "Notes & News" have been moved to the Notes & New Archive.]